Bench grafting is a method of grafting grape vines in which the fruitwood cutting is notched at the lower end. The rootstock cutting is also notched, but at the upper end and, most importantly, with a notch design which will allow the fruitwood piece to fit into the rootstock piece like two pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. After the two are pressed together in a way which causes the cambium layers to remain in tight contact, the couplet is stored on its side in a warm, moist condition for several weeks until a callous forms around the union, sealing it. Each of these calloused benchgrafts is then "planted" into a milk carton sized container filled with a porous soil substitute. The cartons are held in a warm greenhouse for a few weeks until green growth appears at the upper (fruit variety) end and roots appear in the soil at the rootstock end. Presto, you now have a "rooted benchgraft" ready to be carefully nurtured into a new grapevine, with a Phylloxera-resistant root at the bottom and the fruiting variety you desire on top. (Wine/Other)